Badi, ManjulataManjulataBadiMahapatra, SheilaSheilaMahapatra2025-11-292025-11-292025https://gnanaganga.alliance.edu.in/handle/123456789/8708The challenge of meeting the massive extra power needs of the electric power generating unit derives from the emerging countries' fast industrialization and population growth. One of the difficult operational issues in deregulated electricity systems is congestion control. When more electricity is scheduled or flows via transmission lines and transformers than what is physically possible, the situation is known as transmission congestion. The method of preventing or relieving congestion is called congestion management. Power electronics have advanced to the point that high-rated power electronic equipment may be designed for high voltage applications. Due to the increase in demand, good operating practices and optimum energy efficien cy requirements, and the high cost of new project development, some problems may a rise. These challenges include overload and excessive voltage fluctuations in transmis sion lines, voltage sags, voltage unbalance, poor power quality, reliability issues, and voltage problems. Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) can be used to manage power transmission because they can significantly improve the static and dynamic pe rformance of the power system. To achieve the best results, the placement and capacity of FACTS devices need to be adjusted. This article describes the types and functions of SVC devices. The aim of th e RPM problem is said to improve the power curve and minimize the overall power lo ss. In terms of RPM, generator bus voltage level, transformer tap configuration and ca pacitor reactive power reactors are considered as important factors. In addition, hybrid methods, mathematical methods, analytical methods and main eight metaheuristic opt imizations proposed and compared in previous studies are discussed. Voltage stability and voltage profile are negatively impacted by a decrease in reactive power in the power system. Reactive power deficiencies are the main cause of significant voltage loss. A cascading failure will result from the overload continuing as the current rises and affecting further lines. This results in a voltage decrease in gearbox setups or the disconnecting of some generators. As this process proceeds, there is a significant probability of elemental blackouts. An essential component in the process of moving electrical power from generating facilities to load centres is the electric power transmission system. To satisfy the need for electrical load in the future is based on figuring out where new transmission routes should be placed optimally during the planning phase. Soft computing is a branch of computational intelligence that uses nature-inspired and human-like reasoning approaches to solve complex, nonlinear, and uncertain problems, making it well-suited for Reactive Power Management (RPM) in power systems. It includes techniques such as Fuzzy Logic (FL), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Evolutionary Algorithms (like GAs), and Swarm Intelligence methods (like PSO and ACO). These techniques, either standalone or hybrid (e.g., PSO+GWO, BOA+PSO), offer flexibility, adaptability, scalability, and robustness under uncertainty. In RPM, they enable optimal control, efficient device placement, and improved system stability and cost-effectiveness, outperforming traditional methods. Arithmetic programming techniques are frequently ineffective in handling limited optimization situations, while analytical approaches lack the calculation precision necessary to determine the best distribution of FACTS devices. On the other hand, meta-heuristic techniques are population-based, stochastic optimization algorithms that are very effective when applied to a discrete, multimodal, highly limited system. The research work presented in this thesis is based on implementation of a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm of Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, Grey wolf optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization for optimal placement and utilization of shunt based FACTS controller- Static Var Compensator (SVC).enElectrical Power GeneratingSoft ComputingReactive PowerElectrical Engineeringtext::thesis::doctoral thesis