Chauhan, DivyaDivyaChauhanAshfaq, MohammadMohammadAshfaqMangalaraja, R VR VMangalarajaTalreja, NneetuNneetuTalreja2025-03-212025-03-212023pp. 299-31697830312087829783031208775https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20878-2_11https://gnanaganga.alliance.edu.in/handle/123456789/5252Agricultural growth needs a newer policy that speeds up plant growth and the nutritional value of the crops. Numerous agrochemicals, pesticides, and fertilizers provide nutrients to crops and enhance plant growth and nutrition quality. However, the demand for food remains a concern. In this context, 2D-nanomaterials or nanosheets have the potential ability to overcome issues associated with agro-chemicals. 2D-nanosheets easily penetrate the seed coats and translocate with the plants using apoplastic and symplastic pathways. The high translocation ability regulates various molecular and biochemical pathways, thereby improving plant growth and development. However, a higher dose of the 2D-nanosheets shows the phytotoxic effects by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. In this context, 2D-nanosheets-based hybrid materials might be beneficial for improved plant growth with minimal phytotoxicity. Moreover, 2D-nanosheets-based hybrid materials also protect crops against various pathogenic microorganisms. This book chapter focuses on synthesizing 2D-nanosheets, 2D-nanosheets-based hybrid mate-rials, and their interaction with the plants. We also discuss the effect of 2D-nanosheets and 2D-nanosheet-based hybrid materials for plant growth and the protection of crops. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.en2D-nanosheetsCrop protectionNanofertilizersPlant growthTranslocationBook chapter