Dr. Kumar thoughtfully compares BA (Hons) Economics and BCom (Hons), highlighting the unique academic structures, career outcomes, and core competencies associated with each. His article offers valuable guidance for CUET aspirants as they consider which path best aligns with their future goals in policy, research, or industry.

Dr. Hegde provides a comprehensive outlook on the most promising emerging courses for science students in 2025, he also advocates for interdisciplinary learning that equips students with critical thinking and problem-solving skills tailored to tomorrow’s scientific and technological demands

The growth of urbanization and factories has resulted in significant issues related to the emission of harmful gases that are detrimental to the world at large. The contamination of air-causing gases can damage the health of humans and even result in death if long-term exposure is done. Several hazardous gases produced by industry and households like CO, NH3, H2S, and SO2 may affect the respiratory system and even result in cancer. Consequently, it is essential to develop highly selective and sensitive gas sensors for the purpose of monitoring these gases. Various gas-sensing methods and materials are studied and developed by various researchers. Among them, the most effective are used to solve environmental problems. The nanomaterials based on metal oxides are found to be very efficient gas sensors due to their several fascinating properties with high surface area, porosity, and absorption capacity that enhance their gas sensitivity.

A novel class of magnetism has been discovered as altermagnetism because of opposite spin in real space. Altermagnetism exhibits total net magnetization zero and symmetry-induced spin splitting, which separating it in contrast to both antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism. This review discusses the theory of altermagnetism including core symmetry mechanism and first principle approaches in theoretical models. Material candidates (e.g. MnTe, Mn₅Si₃, RuO₂, CrSb etc.) and predictions for altermagnetism were demonstrated through criteria for identifying altermagnetic materials, role of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in this discovery, and databases with high-throughput screening efforts. The experimental realization and characterization were discussed via techniques for detecting altermagnetic order (e.g., angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), neutron scattering, transport), challenges in confirming altermagnetism, and case studies of experimental breakthroughs. A comprehensive functional properties and device applications were described with the help of anomalous Hall effect without net magnetization, spin transport, spin torque, and spin filtering in altermagnets including integration with ferroelectrics, superconductors, and topological materials. A comparison of altermagnetism was illustrated with antiferromagnetism, spin glasses, and topological magnetic phases. The role of computational tools was highlighted by AI-driven materials discovery, inverse design approaches, and data-driven modelling of magnetic behaviour. Some of the significant headwinds were underlined by demonstrating stability and tunability of altermagnetic states, precise detection and control, need for experimental benchmarks, and integration into real-world devices. At the end outlook and future directions were deliberated about, with opportunities for interdisciplinary research, advances in instrumentation and computation, and the roadmap toward altermagnetic-based spintronic platforms.

This research article explores the role of media, cinema, and literature in fostering professional and vocational development. The study aims to investigate how these forms of expression contribute to skill acquisition, knowledge enhancement, and personal growth, ultimately shaping individuals' professional trajectories. By exploring the impact of media, cinema, and literature on various aspects of professional development, such as skill acquisition, networking, personal branding, and cultural competence, this research highlights the significance of integrating these mediums into educational and training programs. The findings of this research indicate that media, cinema, and literature play a crucial role in skill acquisition and knowledge enhancement. Through exposure to diverse narratives and perspectives, individuals develop critical thinking skills, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. Media literacy skills enable individuals to critically analyse and interpret media messages, while cinema serves as an educational tool that enhances understanding of different cultures and perspectives. Literature, on the other hand, enhances communication skills, including reading comprehension, critical thinking, and verbal expression. The implications of this research are significant for educators, trainers, and policymakers. Integrating media, cinema, and literature into educational and training programs can create a more holistic and enriching learning environment.

Teachers may create a stimulating learning environment where students can develop important intellectual and social skills that will benefit them for the rest of their lives by using the correct teaching strategies. A teacher can assist students with a variety of interests, talents, and learning preferences by implementing one of the available frameworks. To increase your student's chances of succeeding in the classroom, whether you work in the education sector as a teacher or another professional, you might find it helpful to learn about cutting-edge instructional practices. Teaching techniques are approaches that teachers can use to make learning easier and pique students' motivation and interest in the material. Different teaching philosophies include game-based study, differentiated study, lecture-based method, technology-based pedagogy, group and individual study, inquiry-based study, kinesthetic study, game-based study, and expeditionary study. You can enhance your methods by trying out various teaching techniques while presenting the same course, communicating with other educators to acquire their insights, and being flexible. Due to the quick changes in the modern world, the Education System is currently dealing with a wide range of problems. An excellent teaching strategy helps students overcome their preconceptions and motivates them to study by putting them in a situation where they start to believe that they are the ones who come up with the solutions and who are responsible for the change. Professors that are respected both nationally and locally serve as ideal role models for educators who are enthusiastic about effective teaching methods of professional courses, providing them with ideas, insights, and the best teaching methods.(Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism v.4(4); 2016 Oct PMC5065908)

Language is one of the most marked, conspicuous, as well as fundamental characteristics of the faculties of man. Language is a system of sounds, words, patterns, etc., used by humans to communicate thoughts and feelings. Language is a system of communication which consists of a set of sounds and written symbols which are used by the people of a particular country or region for talking or writing in. The importance of language for man and society cannot be minimized. Language is not only a mode of communication between individuals but also a way for the expression of their personality. Man is remarkably distinguished from animals not only in his use of language but also in his thought process. This use has been termed by Chomsky as “the creative aspect of language; Chomsky suggests that “the normal use of language is innovative, in sense that much of what we say in the course of normal language use is entirely new, not a reception of anything that we have heard before and not even “similar” in “pattern” to sentences or discourse that we have heard in the past” (Chomsky, p.10). Language has its true being in conversation in the exercise and promotion and understanding between peoples. Language should not be a means to impose or transmit my will to another. Above all, language is a living process in which a community of life is lived out. It should be thought that human language as a special and unique living process, in that in linguistic communication, world and human worldview is disclosed. This disclosure, this function of language means that language does not draw attention to itself but transparent to the realities that are manifested through it. Since learning a language is part of our knowledge, it becomes one of the key factors in competitiveness. In the advanced industrial society of today, the basic knowledge of a single or more language has become indispensable.