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Brand success depends upon understanding the way consumers’ experience with the brand. In the era of proliferation of brands and bombardment of advertisements, positioning becomes the weapon for the marketers to create the unique customer experience. Brand positioning sets the direction for all marketing programs about what the brand should and not to do with its marketing. The concept of considering the human mind as perceptual space will be helpful in understanding the concept of positioning and develops the theoretical basis for brand positioning. Perceptual mapping is a visualization technique used by the marketers that attempts to visually display the perceptions of customers. The focus of this paper is to explore the perceptions of customers through perceptional mapping with special reference to branded apparel gents’ shirts category. This Research paper comes out with a perceptual map by using correspondence analysis which illustrates the positions occupied by the branded apparel based on the attributes

The term 'Recession' seems to be on everyone's mind. Though the layman may not necessarily know how to define 'recession' on technical lines, its effects are apparent to all in terms of job losses, falling production and consumption. Recession also takes its toll on consumer consumption, both in terms of purchase quality and kind. This paper studies the impact of recession driven changes in consumption, keeping in mind two particular product categories.

Customer relationship is the buzz world in marketing these days. Every organization sets its mission to treat customers as the most important stakeholders of a business. Several programmers are drawn to satisfy and delight the customers. Given the competition that exits in today's environment, every organization comes out with novel programmes to delight the customer. All these innovative programmes, copied by the competitors in no time, lose their value within months of introduction. The contemporary relationship styles remain temporary styles for attracting and retaining customers. What is then that endears the customers to you in the long run? The present paper examines various customer-friendly programmers that companies dish out, and the reactions of the customers to these Relation building programs in the six years. The article also examines the long-term effects of the present-day relationship marketing.

Customer relationship is the buzz word in marketing these days. Every organization sets its mission to treat customers as the most important stakeholders of a business. Several programmes are drawn to satisfy and delight the customers. Given the competition that exists in today's environment, every organization comes out with novel programmes to delight the customers. All these innovative programmes, copied by the competitors in no time, lose their value within months of introduction. The contemporary relationship styles remain temporary styles for attracting and retaining customers. What is then that endears the customers to you in the long run? The present paper examines various customer-friendly programmes that companies dish out, and the reactions of the customers to these Relation building programs in the last six years. The article also examines the long-term effects of the present-day relationship marketing.

The heterogeneous behaviour of consumers towards the choice of various brands in a particular segment can be explained by the influence of various factors underlying their decisions and its brand equity. The objective of this study is the identification and study of factors influencing customers’ brand preferences of the economy segment SUV’s and MUV’s as well as brand equity as a function of product choice. Brand affinity or emotions associated with brand preference in an economy segment of SUV’s and MUV’s were also considered to study the effect of marketing mix elements towards consumer preferences. A total of 143 respondents were included among which 98 met the target group criteria set for the study. The data collection was made through direct interaction and customer intercepts survey using printed questionnaires. Descriptive Analysis was used to transform data into understandable format and factor analysis was used for identification of factors influencing customer preference. Friedman’s test was used to identify the prominent emotions customers associated to the utility vehicle. The study identified the six factors that influence brand preference. This study and identification of marketing mix elements and associated brand equity from individual customer’s perspective is important because it suggests both strategies and tactics, and areas where research can be useful in managerial decision making to increase customer preference of brand.

The world that we currently live in is passionate about speed. From internet lines that can download terabytes of data/second to spacecraft that can traverse miles into space, mankind’s thirst for speed is never ending. When it comes to travelling from one space to the other, this phenomenon is no different. From superconductor powered trains to supersonic aircraft, the way to reach a destination rapidly is very much possible. However, these existing options are unaffordable to a common man. Petroleum/gaspowered automobiles have been giving mankind a tradeoff between affordability and the want to reach rapidly. In recent times, mankind has learnt that the harms these automobiles cause to the environment cannot be overlooked. This led to concepts of green cars, automobiles whose carbon footprint is very marginal or nonexistent. The sales figures of such cars are far less than conventional cars in any market across the globe. However, every government wants the scenario to be vice versa. This leads to a natural deduction that the market of green cars is going to exponentially grow in the coming years. This paper focuses on understanding the positioning dynamics of such a product, the Mahindra E2O, with respect to Indian consumers

Two of the most critical decisions facing marketing managers are how much to spend on communications or promotion (i.e. to determine the marketing communications budget), and how to allocate it over the major tools or elements of the communications mix (viz. advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, personal selling, public relations, and publicity). There are four common methods used by companies to decide on the communications budget. These are the affordable method, the percentage-of-sales method, the competitive parity method, and the objective-and-task method. Many companies employ more than one method to arrive at relatively accurate budget figure. Companies consider several factors when they allocate the communications budget, including the market size and potential, market share objectives, product market type, product life-cycle stage, and buyer-readiness stage. The present study is undertaken to understand the usage of different communications budgeting methods and the allocation of the communications budget to the different promotional elements in Indian companies. These are further compared between consumer durables and non-durables, industrial products, and services.

In the twenty-first century, new research-prone areas have emerged in legal education which were previously unknown to the legal fraternity. One such area is International Humanitarian Law (IHL) or the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC). This can best be described as that branch of International Human Rights Law which deals with provisions for humanitarian relief and humane treatment of victims of war and is applicable only during war or armed conflicts. The study and research of IHL has become imperative due to the rise in the number of armed conflicts in the twenty-first century concentrated mainly in Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia and the subsequent desire of the international community to reduce that number. Against this background discussion, this article gives a brief account of the academic efforts taking place across the globe to make this subject an integral part of law school curriculum. The article starts with a description as to how IHL was first accepted as a part of any standard courses in law particularly in the West. Further, the efforts undertaken in Asia are analyzed followed by the reasons as to why IHL has still not gained acceptance as a full-fledged course in Asia. Finally, the article ends with recommendations regarding what the Asian legal fraternity needs to do to increase awareness about IHL and to make it a mandatory teaching module in all Asian law schools.

The cutting tool industry is thriving for reducing the production time. Good surface finish of the product without subsequent grinding process reduces the cost and time. In this direction improvement was made to the tool used for cutting by subjecting it low temperature including cryo temperatures enabling long hours of machining process. Literature survey has indicated that cryogenic treatment improves the toughness of the molybdenum tool steels. In the present investigation the above concept has been used to study the impact of cryo treatment in machining process. Since a very little study has been reported about the effect of this treatment on Mo based tool steel and also on the machining power, this paper has made an attempt to compare the machining parametersmachining force, machining power and surface roughness and their optimization, on Mo based face milling cutters. Experimental results have been checked through statistical analysis, which indicated concurrence with experimental results. Better performance was observed by the cryo treated tools with order of significant factors that influence the surface roughness to be rate of feed, speed of cutting and cutting depth. © Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

The effect of partial substitution (50%) of Si by other sp-valent elements such as Al, Ga, Ge, In and Sn on structure, magnetic properties and electrical resistivity of full Heusler type Co2FeSi alloys was investigated. The results revealed that these alloys (except Sn substituted alloy) consist of mostly L21ordered phase along with some B2 type disordered phase. The highest L21ordering was seen in Co2FeSi0.5Ge0.5alloy. The magnetization studies showed all alloys obey the Slater-Pauling rule at 4 K except for Sn substituted alloy. However, at room temperature, only Ga, Ge and Al substituted alloys followed the Slater-Pauling rule. Electrical transport studies revealed the presence of half-metallic behavior at low temperatures in all alloys. However, half-metallicity was preserved to some extent at room temperature only in Ga and Ge substituted Co2FeSi alloys. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

IC technology demands high performance, low power consuming, miniature sized devices. Minimizing the device size drastically increases the power consumption and hence the need for innovative techniques to reduce the power consumption are in the bloom. The approach accorded here is the combined implementation of leakage controlled transistors in the path between power supply and ground and stacking of transistors in the pull down network. The above approach is implemented in Domino logic circuits which are often claimed as leaky circuits. Results show reduction in leakage current, total power consumption with an admissible increase in transistor count and overall delay. © Medwell Journals, 2016.

n this paper, a characterization for the class of all rough algebras from the class of all Q-rough algebras is obtained.

This work describes the strain-relaxation--dependent carrier concentration ($n_{s})$ profile model using spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization for AlN/Al$_{x}$Ga$_{1 - x}$N/AlN HEMTs in all mole fraction ($x)$ interpolations. As $x$ varies, the Aluminum Gallium Nitride (AlGaN) channel shows strain relaxation with the Aluminum Nitride (AlN) barrier. The degree of relaxation is modeled from AlN to GaN regions in the channel. It shows that the AlN barrier and buffer relaxation and strain recovery occurs due to the gradual crystal quality degradation from barrier/buffer to the channel interface. These combination devices show less drain current degradation with temperature variation from 300 K to 573 K. This model shows a good agreement with experimental data with a carrier density of $n_{s}$ = 2.8 $\times $ 10$^{13}$/cm$^{2}$.

What is the nature of memorials? Traditionally, memorials have been conceptualized as lasting entities preserving memories of our shared pasts. This paper challenges this view. My aim is to retheorize our practices of memorialization by examining the role that ephemerality plays in experiential memorials. Rather than fixed structures of meaning, experiential memorials are unstable careers whose significance depends on viewers’ performative engagement. I provide evidence for my thesis by developing a critical interpretation of Qi Kang’s Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall (NMMH) as an example of experiential memorial. The fragmented nature of the here and now frees visitors’ experiences. Like the wind propelling Benjamin’s Angelus Novus into future and progress, the ephemerality of NMMH’s experience unchains its significance from the constriction of dominant narratives of vengeance and resentment. If liberated temporally, the experience of memorials may help us not only to never forget, but also to find reconciliation.