Computational Analysis on performance and optimization of Carbon-Carbon Nozle

The design and material choice of rocket engines' nozzles, which are essential for transforming thermal energy into directed thrust, have a significant impact on their efficiency. Even though they are dependable, traditional metallic nozzles frequently have weight and heat resistance issues when used in harsh environments, especially in high-performance and reusable launch systems. Because of their remarkable mechanical strength at high temperatures, low density, and thermal stability, carbon–carbon (C–C) composites have become a viable substitute. Through a thorough computational analysis and optimization of their aerodynamic and structural performance, this thesis investigates the possibilities of carbon–carbon composite nozzles.Finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are used to model and evaluate a three-dimensional nozzle shape. The interior flow behavior is assessed by the CFD study, which focuses on important variables such shock structures, temperature gradients, pressure distribution, and Mach number. To evaluate the material's reaction to high mechanical and thermal stresses, as well as to replicate launch circumstances, thermal and structural simulations are carried out concurrently. To guarantee a realistic depiction of behavior in the actual world, particular emphasis is paid to the distinct anisotropic characteristics of C–C composites and their layup orientations.The nozzle design is improved using optimization approaches in addition to performance evaluation. To determine the design that provides the most thrust and impulse while preserving structural integrity, parametric studies of the nozzle expansion ratio, throat diameter, and nozzle length are conducted. The advantages of extended nozzle configurations for high-altitude operation are also investigated, drawing inspiration from deployable and altitude-adaptive systems. According to the study's findings, improved carbon–carbon nozzles significantly enhance engine performance, thermal protection, and mass economy when compared to traditional designs.