Browsing by Type "dissertation"

This report investigates the key factors affecting the performance of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in India from 2022 to early 2024. The study aims to assess the impact of Oversubscription Rates, Grey Market Premiums (GMP), and financial performance indicators such as Revenue Growth and Profitability on both immediate listing day gains and longer-term post-listing outcomes across SME and Main Board IPOs. A quantitative research methodology was employed, analyzing a sample of 30 IPOs from both segments. Data on oversubscription rates, GMP values (one day prior to listing), listing day gains, and post-listing financial metrics were gathered and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modeling. The analysis revealed that SME IPOs tend to have significantly higher and more volatile oversubscription rates than Main Board IPOs, largely due to speculative interest from retail investors. A strong positive correlation was observed between oversubscription rates and GMP for both IPO types, with a more pronounced alignment in Main Board IPOs, reflecting institutional confidence in established companies.

This study examines and contrasts two well-known government-sponsored savings plans in India: The Post Office Savings Account, a versatile and easily accessible savings tool for all, and the Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY), which was created especially for the financial stability of girls. The study looks at each scheme's performance in terms of returns, accessibility, tax advantages, and contribution to economic stability. SSY is a great option for parents preparing for their daughters' future education and financial independence because it provides substantial tax savings in addition to appealing, long-term growth through compound interest. The Post Office Savings Account, on the other hand, offers a simple, reliable choice with adaptable withdrawal guidelines that let people access their money as needed. Because of this feature, it is well-liked by people looking to save money in the short term without having to lock it in for a long time. The results show that the Post Office Savings Account encourages a saving culture and supports daily financial stability, while SSY empowers young women through financial support, hence fostering inclusive growth. The study closes a gap in comparative data by comparing these plans side by side and offers insights into how each scheme can help certain saver types. More flexible withdrawal choices in SSY and improved tax incentives for moderate-income Post Office Savings Account users are two suggestions. By working together, these suggestions hope to support both programs in meeting a range of financial requirements and promote a well-rounded strategy for financial inclusion and economic progress.

Since the Growth of the Indian capital market, Indian start-ups, new business firms andcompanies have got a lot of potential to expand and have a growth in their business andpeople have started to invest more in these business through IPO’s, post covid people have started to believe and invest more in these start-ups and new businesses to have a good returns and growth of their investment.

In recent decades, the financial sector has witnessed a profound transformation driven by digitalization, revolutionizing service delivery through increased connectivity and accelerated information processing. This evolution extends from customer-facing interactions to back office operations, with a recent pivot towards leveraging digitalization to foster novel business opportunities and models. Digital Finance now encompasses a broad spectrum of financial products, innovative businesses, specialized software, and enhanced modes of customer engagement, primarily facilitated by FinTech firms and forward-thinking financial service providers.

The recent news of Resourceful Automobile’s IPO, a Yamaha two-wheeler dealership, which operates 2 showrooms with only 8 employees, getting oversubscribed 496 times by retail investors sparked an interest to further study as to what could possibly be driving such exuberance and extreme optimism.

This study examines the rapidly evolving landscape of green finance in India, focusing on its growth, challenges, and potential impact on sustainable economic development. The research analyses key trends in various sectors of green finance, including the green bond market, ESG investments, renewable energy financing, and electric vehicle adoption. Key findings reveal significant growth in India's green bond market, peaking at $6.8 billion in 2021, with renewable energy dominating 62% of proceeds. ESG assets under management have more than tripled from 2020 to 2024, reaching INR 9,753 crore. The renewable energy sector has seen substantial expansion, with total capacity reaching 125.1 GW by 2023. Electric vehicle sales have grown exponentially, particularly in the two-wheeler segment.

The Indian stock market has grown very colourfully, and its integration with the world market has also grown. The Indian stock market, therefore, has emerged as a very attractive destination in recent years. Understanding investors' behaviour operating in this dynamic market is of paramount importance for the policymakers, regulators, and market participants. The objective of any investment is to make money. In the early years, investment was based on performance, forecasting, market timing and so on. This produced very ordinary results, which meant that investors were bestowed with very normal returns. While examining the process, they identified that it is caused by fundamental mistakes in the decision-making process, i.e. they were making irrational investment decisions. An attempt has been made in this study to delve into the multifaceted aspects of investor behaviour in the Indian stock market, exploring factors influencing the decision-making, risk perception, and investment strategies.

This study provides a detailed analysis of the risks and returns associated with a selection of stocks from the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector, which plays a vital role in the Indian economy. FMCG companies are recognized for their essential offerings, including food, beverages, personal care products, and household items, making them attractive to investors looking for stability and consistent returns. However, even within this generally defensive sector, individual stocks can show significant differences in risk and volatility, driven by factors such as raw material costs, consumer demand, and overall market conditions.

Infrastructure development is one of the major factors contributing to the growth of the real estate market in Bangalore, India. Over the past few decades, Bangalore has transformed into one of the leading real estate markets in the country, attracting a significant number of domestic and international investors. The main reason for this change is the city's strong infrastructure, which plays an important role in real estate creation. One of the key aspects of Bangalore’s infrastructure development is the extensive metro rail network. The introduction and expansion of metro lines have revolutionized the way people commute within the city. These metro lines connect major hubs and residential areas, providing residents with a convenient and efficient mode of transportation. As a result, property values along these metro corridors have seen a substantial increase. The ease of access to different parts of the city makes these areas ideal for residential and commercial projects. In addition to the metro network, development of new roads and widening of existing roads has improved connectivity in Bangalore. The construction of flyovers and underpasses has helped in decongesting traffic, making commuting smoother and faster. These infrastructure projects have opened previously underdeveloped areas, leading to a surge in demand for real estate in these locations. Areas that were once considered remote are now thriving residential and commercial hubs, thanks to improved accessibility. The development of IT parks and Special Economic Zones (SEZs) has also had a significant impact on Bengaluru’s real estate market. As the IT capital of India, Bangalore hosts numerous multinational companies and tech parks. The presence of these IT hubs has created a high demand for office spaces, residential apartments, and other real estate developments. Employees working in these tech parks prefer to live nearby, leading to increased demand for housing in the vicinity. This has led to the development of many residential buildings to suit the needs of IT professionals.

The introduction begins by highlighting the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reshaping industries worldwide, especially within the IT infrastructure sector. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) like Dell, HPE, Nutanix, and Lenovo are not only adopting AI for technological enhancement but are strategically utilizing it to create a competitive advantage in a fast-evolving market. These companies integrate AI into various facets of their operations—from product development and automation to customer engagement—enabling them to maintain and strengthen their market positions amid rapid technological advancements.

"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed email marketing, allowing businesses to connect with their audience on a more personal level. This study explores the effects of AI on email marketing, including engagement, conversions, and customer satisfaction. By analyzing data from a questionnaire and using IBM SPSS Statistics, we examine how AI-powered strategies impact key performance metrics. The results show that using AI for email marketing leads to higher engagement, better conversion rates, and improved customer experience compared to traditional methods. Factors like optimizing email frequency, offering personalized content suggestions, and interacting with customers all contribute to the success of AI-driven email campaigns. Additionally, segmentation and personalization strategies, powered by AI, are important in maximizing the effectiveness of email marketing. The research highlights how AI can impact email marketing by providing insights for businesses to utilize AI tools for personalized communication, better campaign results, and stronger customer connections. Implementing AI strategies allows companies to adapt to the changing digital environment, engage with their customers more meaningfully, and drive sustainable growth in a competitive market.

In today's investment world, investors are no longer restricted to traditional choices such as stock bonds or cash. Today, wide variety financial assets have been made available to investors that help them to better diversify and manage the risk. Among them, one of the significant categories is termed as Alternative Investment, any asset class that does not fit the traditional investment options. Alternately, these investments are less known and less available as well as highly specialized with regard to knowledge, but they play an extraordinary role in a diversified portfolio.

A mutual fund is a kind of investment vehicle that is established by the pooled resources contributed by several investors who are all part of the same wealth pool. Each investor's awarded several ""units"" that represent a share of the wealth in direct proportion to the amount of money contributed by that investment.

In current years, social media has grown to be an essential part of customers' lives, evolving from a platform for non-public interactions to a critical device for companies to interact with their target market. With billions of customers international, social media systems like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and YouTube are more and more shaping client conduct, particularly their purchasing decisions. This shift has created a brand-new frontier for digital advertising, wherein agencies not handiest increase emblem attention but also engage directly with ability clients to drive income. The upward push of social media as a advertising and marketing tool has redefined the customer shopping for adventure. Traditional advertising methods, together with tv and print media, have taken a lower back seat to digital techniques that leverage algorithms, focused advertising and marketing, and user-generated content material (UGC) to reach and have an impact on consumers. Today, consumers’ purchasing conduct is often pushed with the aid of what they see, proportion, and revel in on social structures, making it important for companies to adapt their advertising techniques to this new landscape.

The rapid growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has introduced a transformative shift in digital marketing, allowing brands to engage consumers through exclusive, blockchain powered assets. However, limited research exists on how NFTs influence consumer behaviour, particularly regarding brand loyalty and psychological ownership. This study investigates the impact of branded NFTs on consumer-brand relationships, focusing on the interplay between exclusivity, identity expression, and emotional attachment.

This thesis explores the impact of digitization on conscious consumerism, adopting a focus on how consumer behaviors and brand strategies evolve within a digitized environment. The thesis has been majorly divided into four central areas: change in consumer awareness and purchases, impacts of conscious consumerism on brands, adapted strategies brands take, and the role of digitalization in the decision-making process of the informed consumer. Digital technology has empowered the consumer in ways never known before, with strong access to information relating to various goods, which leads to greater awareness and demand for sustainable products. Today, more and more aware consumers purchase items with a good conscience about the environmental and ethical factors involved. Such changes prompt brands to first engage in sustainable practices for both attraction and retention of eco-conscious consumers. Corporations that encourage open communication, responsible sourcing, and the principles of circular economy have delivered excellent results and customer loyalty and trust; thereby, realizing that there is an effective correlation between ethical practice and brand equity.

The buying landscape has evolved especially over the last decade. This is due to the rise of ecommerce and the spread of online shopping platforms. It has changed the way customers engage with brands and retailers. Traditional bricks-and-mortar stores, the main channel, are currently concentrated-they struggle with enthusiasm. Today's consumers have two main purchasing channels: brick-and-mortar shopping and online shopping. Both provide precise education and shape through customer behavior, desires, and specific technology enhancements.

Social media have integrated themselves into daily activities in the last ten years, changing communication, interaction, and purchasing decisions. Today, three major social media platforms – Instagram and YouTube have made billions of people around the world conscious and come out to stand as vital marketing channels. These platforms offer the brands direct access to consumers through which they can connect and display their products or services in ways that are authentic, engaging, and relevant to the digital crowds. This has led to the emergence of influencer marketing; basically, where brands partner with online personalities known as social media influencers. Influencers are people who have garnered trust and a loyal following within a specific niche such as fashion, fitness, beauty, technology, and lifestyle.

In today’s hyper-connected, data-driven economy, digital marketing has evolved from a broad, one-size-fits-all approach to a highly personalized, data-intensive practice that can precisely target individuals based on their unique behaviors, interests, and preferences. This shift has been enabled by rapid advancements in data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI), which allow marketers to process vast amounts of personal data to anticipate consumer needs, optimize marketing strategies, and deliver customized content. However, with these advancements comes a complex and often opaque web of data collection, processing, and sharing practices that increasingly expose consumer data to potential misuse, manipulation, and privacy violations.

Understanding consumer choices is essential in the fast-paced and competitive FMCG industry, where social norms play a significant role in shaping purchasing behavior. This dissertation explores the influence of social norms—specifically descriptive and injunctive norms—on consumer decisions within the FMCG sector. Guided by the Theory of Normative Social Behavior, this research examines how factors such as group identity, outcome expectations, peer communication, and product category moderate the relationship between social norms and consumer choices. The study employs a Sequential Exploratory Design, beginning with qualitative methods (in-depth interviews and observations) to gather initial insights, followed by quantitative methods (surveys and experiments) to validate findings. Data analysis reveals significant associations between social norms and FMCG purchases, highlighting how group identity and peer influences particularly shape consumer behavior. These findings offer practical recommendations for FMCG brands, suggesting targeted marketing strategies and enhanced consumer engagement through socially attuned branding efforts. The study also contributes to consumer behavior theory by refining the understanding of social norms’ role in consumer decision-making, with potential applications in diverse market segments.